Esophageal leiomyomas represent a benign pathology that usually affects the distal third and the esophagogastric junction, and that is perfectly suitable for a laparoscopic enucleation. A correct preoperative diagnosis is mandatory, as the most common differential diagnosis in this localization is represented by gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), a pathology that could benefit from neo-adjuvant therapy. Occasionally, leiomyomas can be adherent to the mucosal layer, in which case-limited mucosal excision is necessary.
We present a laparoscopic enucleation of a large leiomyoma of the esophagogastric junction, requiring the use of an endostapler for complete resection.