In this key lecture, the author focuses on bowel endometriosis. This disease is often multifocal and there are 8% of resection margins which are not free despite segmental resection. Although bowel resection is widely performed, indications are poorly documented regarding nodule size or localization. Segmental resection at the level of the rectum is associated with bowel, bladder, and sexual complications as found in other conditions (such as cancer). The author insists on the need to first perform a discoid resection except if the size of the lesion takes up more than 50% of the wall area and exceeds 2-3cm. For this procedure, it is recommended that the operation be carried out by pelvic surgeons with perfect expertise in endometriosis.