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Marescaux J, Vix M, Soler L. Virtual reality applied to video-assisted left superior parathyroidectomy. Epublication: WeBSurg.com, Nov 2006;6(11). URL: http://www.websurg.com/ref/doi-vd01en2011.htm
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Chirurgie endocrinienne > Glandes parathyroïdes > Hyperparathyroïdie > Parathyroïdectomie vidéo-assistée

J Marescaux (France), M Vix (France), L Soler (France)

November 2006
English - 04'30''

This video demonstrates how virtual reality is applied to video-assisted left superior parathyroidectomy. The virtual reconstruction is done from a preoperative contrast CT scan. The anatomy is then recreated layer by layer starting from the skin to the bone. Every anatomical structure can be removed or added back, in order to visualize areas that are normally not easily accessible and therefore difficult to identify. The relation with the adjacent vascular structures, arteries and veins, can also be very precisely established. A two cm horizontal neck incision is made below the sternal notch. The surgeons demonstrates a careful dissection of the anterior and lateral aspect of the thyroid. This manoeuvre allows to easily reach the area that had been previously virtually reconstructed. Once the gland is freed from its attachment the vascular pedicle is identified, isolated and clipped.

 

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00'12'' Patient history
Video-assisted approach for hyperparathyroidism needs precise and reliable landmarks prior to surgery. This reconstruction is done starting from a preoperative control CT-scan.
00'23'' 3D reconstruction of the neck
The anatomy is then rebuilt layer by layer starting from the skin to the bones. Every structure can be removed or added back in order to visualize areas that are normally not easily accessible and therefore difficult to identify. When the spine disappears from the image, the posterior aspect of the thyroid can be visualized and the parathyroid adenoma becomes evident.
00'57'' Localization of parathyroid adenoma
This reconstruction is particularly helpful to detect posterior adenomas in the case of this supra-posterior adenoma migrated deeply in the tracheo-esophageal groove. The image is then verified comparing the virtual reconstruction with the CT-scan horizontal and sagittal cuts. The relation with the adjacent vascular structures, arteries and veins can also be very precisely established.
01'35'' Start of procedure
A 2cm horizontal neck incision is made above the sternal notch and allows a precise dissection of the anterior and lateral aspect of the thyroid. The virtual reconstruction of the patient’s neck facilitates the surgeon to operate a very small area of the neck rather than exposing the entire neck and both sides of the thyroid.
02'04'' Finding the parathyroid adenoma
This dissection allows to quickly reach the area that had been previously virtually reconstructed. When the parathyroid adenoma is identified it must be carefully handled to avoid damaging the parathyroid capsule. The gland can be retracted bluntly by pushing it medially better exposing it. While retracting maneuvers provide tension, a curved hook dissector is used to dissect the gland away from surrounding structures and loose areolar tissue until complete mobilization is achieved.
03'06'' End of procedure
Gentle operative manipulation and careful dissection allows to free the gland from its attachments and to clearly identify the vascular pedicle that is isolated and clipped. Advances in minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism have increased the relevance of preoperative diagnostic imaging. The virtual reconstruction of the patient’s neck allows an ideal preoperative simulation. The size of the adenoma corresponds to the measurements taken during virtual reconstruction.

Tous les médias de: 

 

Jacques Marescaux 
   

Michel Vix 
   

Luc Soler 
 


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